I made it to the short courses. Excellent, all of them. They get better each year. I sat there mesmerized while Mark Demitroff, University of Delaware Geography Professor explained the formation of spungs, cripples, and sand dunes in the pine barrens. He is so good I wanted to sit through it again. He had photos showing evidence of fractures from early permafrost and other glacial activity. A couple of things to remember:
-many of the larger stones you find in the pines may have a flat face on one side. That is from ice crystals being blown by the winds coming off the glacier. They blasted a flat face on the rock.
-the terminal moraine can easily be seen around exit 10 of the Turnpike.
-Spungs are those round or semi-round holes with seasonal or permanent water. They were caused by the winds off the glacier scouring out a hole in the permafrost sand after the area was weakened by a freeze fracture in the ground.
-Cripples are those somewhat long shallow valleys we see adjacent to rivers. They were caused by rain water flowing across the frozen land (I did not understand this one, so I wanted to see it again).
-In sand pits, look for the white sand in weird uplifiting formations in the side of the sand cliffs (kind of like a lava lamp). That is evidence of warming after the glaciers melted, and everything sunk down and mixed the frozen material and thawed it, and pushed some of it up.
good stuff, all of it........