Perhaps the first detailed description of what is now known as Lyme disease appeared in the writings of
Reverend Dr John Walker after a visit to the
Island of Jura (Deer Island) off the west coast of Scotland in 1764.
[205] He gives a good description both of the symptoms of Lyme disease (with "exquisite pain [in] the interior parts of the limbs") and of the tick vector itself, which he describes as a "worm" with a body which is "of a reddish colour and of a compressed shape with a row of feet on each side" that "penetrates the skin". Many people from this area of Great Britain immigrated to North America between 1717 and the end of the 18th century.
The examination of preserved museum specimens has found
Borrelia DNA in an infected
Ixodes ricinus tick from Germany that dates back to 1884, and from an infected mouse from Cape Cod that died in 1894.
[204] The 2010 autopsy of
Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old
mummy, revealed the presence of the DNA sequence of
Borrelia burgdorferi making him the earliest known human with Lyme disease.
[206]