I’ll find as many studies as I can, specific to impacts of
illegal ORV activity in the Pine Barrens, if you’re sincerely interested, some of which are listed below. But I think it’s important to notice that if something is generally true of roads and trails and motorized traffic effects on ecosystems, it’s true in the Pine Barrens, as well. Whether or not you think these effects are catastrophic, depends, I suppose, on your point of view.
For example, when a road or trail is created, that is a track that obliterates or transforms dramatically what was formerly wildlife habitat. The vegetation is removed and replaced with compact or loosened soil, whether it’s a narrow or wide trail or road. The mere presence of that road or trail has a fragmenting effect to various wildlife communities to varying degrees.
Add to that the actual motorized traffic. Now you have direct mortality to some creatures. And you might not see the majority of the victims, because scavengers are known to scoop them up, often fairly promptly.
We have to also add soil compaction or disturbance that results in erosion—which effect depends on the soil type. Some areas along stream and river banks erode into the stream or river, with resulting sedimentation that adversely affects many aquatic plants and animals.
We have to also add noise, soil, water, and air pollution, as well as visual stimuli that disturb a wide variety of creatures.
A thorough treatment of the overall issue can be found here:
https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/public_lands/off-road_vehicles/pdfs/ORV_BMP_2008.pdf
Studies and documentation specific to the Pine Barrens have probably focused mostly on dry upland sites (especially paleo-dunes) where Pine Snakes and Pickering’s Morning-glory have suffered negative impacts, and also on coastal plain intermittent ponds.
For starters, here’s a few references on Pine Snakes:
Burger, Joanna & Zappalorti, Robert & Gochfeld, Michael & DeVito, Emile. (2022). The importance of paleodunes as nesting habitat for Northern Pine Snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus): risk from off-road vehicles in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Urban Ecosystems. 25. 1-12.
Here’s a reference that includes impacts to ponds:
https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/44205/PDF/1/play/
In addition, the Pinelands Commission conducted studies of ponds, documenting ORV impacts:
https://www.nj.gov/pinelands/science/complete/wetlands/